Transcription can be manual, or the researchers can leverage the power of computer software. The thesis focuses on analysis concerning the niger delta conflict. That is because companies like shell are failing to prevent or clean up spills years, sometimes decades, after they happen. Ethnic and political unrest has continued throughout the 1990s despite the conversion to democracy clarification needed and the election of the. Critical issues in arresting the orgy of youth restiveness in the niger delta region of nigeria. The purpose of this article is to appraise the federal governments amnesty programme in the niger delta. The unending insurgency in the niger delta of nigeria. Criminal activity by local people, including sabotage, theft and illegal refining of oil, have become increasingly serious problems in the niger delta, and contribute to. This study therefore investigates the nature and character of the amnesty deal. Political implications and challenges of granting amnesty.
The analysis in this academic paper are intended to find the nature and causes of unrest. By sonny atumah the willinks commission of july 1958 was to enquire into. The amnesty is now six years since it implementation however, this study seeks to capture the impact and challenges of the amnesty programme in post conflict niger delta region. Since 2014 eni has reported 820 spills in the niger delta, with 26,286 barrels or 4. Consequently, after the post amnesty period, the programme has brought some economic benefits to the nation. Checkmating the resurgence of youth militancy in the niger. Environmental issues in the niger delta as this would be a better merge. Nigeria begins amnesty for niger delta militants world. This brief examines the niger delta amnesty declared in june 2009, from the perspective of its achievements, limitations and risks. Conflict in the niger delta united states institute of peace.
Extend amnesty programme, niger delta youths tell fg. Charles achodo, who made the disclosure at the 7th sustainability in the extractive industry sitei conference organised by csrinaction in abuja, said the money would be invested by the government in collaboration with international oil companies iocs and some government agencies. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the niger deltas minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the ogoni and the ijaw. Pdf civil disobedience in the niger delta region of nigeria had. Nigerdelta presidential amnesty programme home facebook.
An amnesty offered to militants in the niger delta in 2009 was intended to end fighting, oil theft and other disruption in the region. Understanding the context of oil violence in the niger delta of nigeria. A nigerian amnesty program aimed at stopping militants from bombing pipelines in the countrys oilrich delta region is coming under fire for not seeking permanent solutions to the areas problems. In other words, the amnesty program is a developmental initiative that was created and aimed at ameliorating the root causes of the niger delta crisis. The official facebook page of the niger delta presidential amnesty programme. Ogoniland region of nigerias oilproducing niger delta. Yaradua niger delta amnesty proclamation sahara reporters. Nigeria begins amnesty for niger delta militants this article is more than 10 years old rebels in oilrich region expected to hand in weapons for cash and pardon as 60day offer by government. Pollution and environmental damage in the niger delta. The new face of the niger delta amnesty programme duration. Puzzlingly, nearly a decade of costly ddr programming has not engendered. The amnesty officially resulted in the demobilisation of 30,000 militants, paying them allowances and providing training for a smaller number. Oil resources, militancy, and the postamnesty challenges in the niger delta, nigeria article pdf available october 2011 with 415 reads how we measure reads. In 2009, the government of president umar yaradua granted amnesty to militants in the niger delta region who were waging an oil war with the government demanding the.
Niger delta sapnd is the chairman of the amnesty committee. Conflict management in the niger delta a case study of. Pdf niger delta crisis and amnesty programme implementation. On the other hand, the presidential amnesty program 20092016. Within this period, an individual member of the armed. The presidential amnesty programme commenced on thursday, july 11, 2009 when a proclamation of amnesty for niger delta militant who had engaged in the armed struggle for a better deal in the nations oil gains. It was a blanket amnesty that included forgiveness and automatic freedom from any form of prosecution whatsoever. The unep study found that oil contamination in ogo niland is widespread and severely impacting many com ponents of the environment. Rather, it aims to provide examples of the kind of abuses and. While the present amnesty programme has yielded some good results, the grey area postamnesty plan that can address the problems and challenges that triggered violence, insecurity and economic loss in the niger delta requires urgent attentions. The amnesty offer in the opinion of this writer is nothing but a continuation of the tokenism that has characterized government response to issues of niger delta development. Those hopes havent been realized, and the fragile peace is. The niger delta is one of the most oilpolluted places in the world. While some facilitated access to relevant information and data, others provided valuable contributions to ensure the high quality and independence of the report.
However, the niger delta now appears rather peaceful as there is relative peace in the oil rich region. A cohort of 20 exmilitants from the urhobo speaking tribe within the nigerdelta region of nigeria that were enrolled in the amnesty program was used for this study. Andy rowell, steve kretzmann, the lowenstein human rights clinic at. The special adviser on niger delta affairs to the minister of state for petroleum resources, mr. The presence of oil and gas in the region makes it the goose that lays the golden egg, thus making the region the center of economic and political activities in the country. Wartopeace transition the process of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of former combatants plays a critical role in transitions from war to peace knight, 2004. The federal governments amnesty programme in the nigerdelta. The amnesty had a time frame which was form august 6 to october 4, 2009. Militia violence, amnesty, and energy security abstract this paper discusses the interface between violence in the niger delta, global energy security and amnesty granted to armed groups by the nigerian government.
Pdf the federal governments amnesty programme in the. The study found that the federal government of nigeria failed to address the root causes of conflict and political violence in the niger. The amnesty question in post conflict niger delta and peacebuilding ekumaoko, chijioke egwu abstract. Shell cannot rely on the nigerian government to clean up its dirty work for it. The niger delta human development report benefited immensely from many individuals and institutions. Peacebuilding in the niger delta region of nigeria by. In an attempt to solve the niger delta crises, the federal government recently introduced the policy of amnesty to militants as the solution to the niger delta crises. Political implications and challenges of granting amnesty to nigerdelta militants in nigeria by nichodemus nnaemeka abonyi department of political science, enugu state university of science and technology abstract amnesty is one of the most effective tools to end conflicts, promote reconciliation and. Yaradua niger delta amnesty proclamation pursuant to section 175 of the constitution of the federal republic of nigeria. Unlike his predecessor, yaradua chose the dialogue option which culminated in the declaration of amnesty for suspected niger delta militants who were willing to surrender their arms. Niger delta youths under the aegis of ijaw youth council have called on the federal government to extend the presidential amnesty programme for exmilitants in the region. Petroleum, pollution and poverty in the niger delta amnesty international june 2009 index. Success story of the niger delta presidential amnesty programme pt 1 duration.
The amnesty deal is a desperate effort by the nigerian state to end the niger delta crisis, and thereby restore some dignity and pride to itself. How amnesty efforts in the niger delta triggered new violence. Amnesty international has asked shell to provide information regarding any maintenance of pipelines and infrastructure in bodo, but shell did not respond on this point. Niger delta amnesty programme august 31, 2015 pls let us know your school or camp when you get your payment so we can identify those that are yet to receive. The author notes the impact of the violence on energy.
The niger delta is the honey land of nigeria where the honey has continually been milked and the bees left to sting the indigenes. Kidnapping in pre and postamnesty niger delta, nigeria. Afr 440172009 4 ken sarowiwa and the ogoni struggle for justice writer and human rights campaigner ken sarowiwa was executed, along with eight other members of the ogoni people, by the nigerian state in 1995. Shell was formed in 1907 by the merger of royal dutch petroleum company. Niger delta amnesty not sustainable minister track news. The scope of this study on conflict management in the niger delta. Nigerdelta presidential amnesty programme, abuja, nigeria. The better structure could be that have been exploited for resources. Conflict in the niger delta more than a local affair summary neither nigeria nor foreign donors are investing enough to end violent conflict in the niger delta. Militancy, amnesty, and peacebuilding in nigerias niger delta 65 region. Conflict management in the niger delta a case study of the amnesty programme the niger delta area is the most fragile region in nigeria. Data gathered by amnesty internationals decoders reveals the extraordinary scale of oil pollution in the niger delta, and the high frequency of spills. In july, people, including two niger nationals and 11 nigerian nationals, were killed by niger soldiers in a village near abada on the nigeria border, when they were mistaken for members of an armed group. Presidential amnesty programme and the niger delta warlords.
While nigerian officials opt to buy shortterm ceasefires, such as the 2009 amnesty process, other governments spend too little in money and manpower to grow local civil. There is no gainsaying that the coming on stream of the presidential amnesty programme greatly reduced the uncertainty and danger in doing business in the niger delta, which. The niger delta crisis has been a major threat to both socioeconomic activities in the niger delta region of nigeria. The data analysis technique utilized in this study is content analysis of data. In other words, amnesty programme needs be complemented with. Niger delta e merge as a result of long years of neglect, marginalization, discri mination, oppression, subj ugation, exploitation and deprivation of the region. It is however more widespread in the niger delta region. An appraisal ed various forms of incessant andor sporadic ethnoreligious conflicts or what the freedom house calls simmering tensions among the countrys about 350 ethnic groups, as well as between religious communities. Members of the amnesty beneficiaries are from the nine 9 states of the niger delta region abia, akwa ibom, bayelsa, cross river, delta, edo, imo, ondo, and rivers states 1. After granting unconditional amnesty to militants in the oilproducing niger delta region in 2009, the nigerian federal government launched a comprehensive peacebuilding program anchored on disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration ddr in a bid to arrest violent attacks on oil infrastructures. The post amnesty programme in the niger delta 19 reintegration of exmilitants in the niger delta 21 immediate outcomes of the ddr programme 22 new threats in the niger delta 25 reasons for renewed instability 25 the response of nigerias government to renewed instability 27 continuous threat of instability in the niger delta 28. This is as a result of the daily increase in oil production aghedo, 20. Kidnapping in pre and post amnesty niger delta, nigeria owonikoko babajide saheed, phd centre for peace and security studies modibbo adama university of technology, yola, adamawa state abstract the phenomenon of kidnapping is on the increase on daily basis in nigeria.
Pdf the niger delta since inception of oil exploration in 1956 has. The niger delta amnesty programme under the president muhammadu buhari administration demonstrated its practical commitment to peace and progress in the niger delta region recently as it graduates. The tittle of this thesis is amnesty for stability in oil revenue. The federal governments amnesty programme in the niger. As a result of the violence and instability, the production and export of oil from the niger delta region decreased sharply after 2006. Specifically, the article seeks to determine the extent to which the amnesty programme. Afr 440202004 survey of violations and abuses of human rights in the niger delta, either by the state or by nonstate actors such as tncs. The amnesty programme was set up to put an end to this. Presidential amnesty programme and the niger delta war. A case study of the amnesty programme is limited to the genesis of the niger delta question on the struggle for equal distribution of resources which later manifested to oil and mineral resources control.
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